You could also just use the commands to activate certain snaps. i have a few enabled as standard, but when i need a Perpendicular snap i just use the 'PER' command when i need it.
Same goes for 'END' 'CEN' 'NEA' and all the other snap options.
Unless you need them a lot of times in a row that also makes sure you only snap to what you need, all the other snaps are disabled for that single time you activate it by a command.
The range for 'snapping' was a mistery for me once too. I kinda searched for it on google and never found a clear answer. Maybe this topic helps though:
https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/autocad-forum/how-to-modify-strength-of-snap-magnet/td-p/8844469